SULTANOMAR ALI SAIFUDDIN II (TM 1828-1852) Baginda naik takhta pada tahun 1828. Pada tahun 1839, James Brooke datang ke Sarawak. Tahun 1842, James Brooke dilantik menjadi Rajah Sarawak. Tahun 1845, Baginda menyerahkan Pulau Labuan kepada Inggeris. Tahun 1846 angkatan yang diketuai oleh James Brooke menyerang Brunei. Tahun 1847, menandatangani

Part of a series on the Alternate History of the Philippines Alternate Classic Period of the Philippines 900–1521 State of Ma-i Kingdom of Tondo Kingdom of Maynila Kingdom of Namayan Kingdom of Butuan Rajahnate of Cebu Sultanate of Manila Sultanate of Maguindanao Sultanate of Sulu Sultanate of Lanao Spanish Period 1521–1898 Spanish East Indies Christianity in the Philippines Philippine revolts against Spain Katipunan Philippine Revolution By topic Demographics Military Political Transportation Bold text Caption2]][== link title ==-Caption1Caption2]]]]] *[[FileTemplatePortal/Images/Default16pxalt=]] Philippines portal v • d • e Under construction and re-vamping, transferring timelines as well... The Rajah Sulayman Dynasty Jawi راجه سوليمن كلوارڬ, Arabic راجح سلالة سليمان, Tagalog Mga-anak ni Raja Sulayman, Malay Anak di Raja Sulayman or the Sulayman Dynasty in is a Muslim royal dynasty with Catholic members of mixed Tagalog and Bruneian descent, and colonial nobility in Maharlika, based originally in the Manila Bay and Pasig Delta regions. At one point, it was the paramount ruling dynasty of both Maynila and Tondo. It was the ruling dynasty of the Rajahnate of Maynila, a Bruneian satellte state upon initial contact with Spanish conquistadors and Portuguese pirates, ruled by a king named Ache, succeeded by his son Sulayman. However in 1571, Sulayman partook in a failed revolt against the Spaniards, temporarily deposed, until his nephew, Agustin de Legazpi, a Catholic convert and ruler of the neighboring Tondo under Spanish occupation, helped him wage the Second Luzon War, which started with the Tondo Conspiracy, that vanquished Spanish ruler from Luzon. The Sulaymans would soon ruler under Portuguese occupation. Having survived through World War II, and through the modern days, to where many of Maharlika's elite hails from, it is considered one of the greatest Islamic dynasties, as well as one of Maharlika's great dynasties, or Peranakan Mahardika Raya. Histor[] Origins[] The members of the Sulyman Dynasty are native to Manila. The first-known member was Rajah Ache, or as Tagalog documents refer to him as "Rajah Matandâ" which means "Old King" and the Spaniards referred to him as Rajah Ache el Viejo or "Rajah Ache to Old". Matanda was the grandson of the Sultan of Brunei. Kingdom of Maynila[] Rajah Ache was the ruler of the Pasig River settlements, his nephew Salila was the heir to the throne. Once Maynila reached its peak, the Sultan of Brunei decided to occupy it along with its northern counterpart Tondo in which Islam was introduced into the shores of Manila Bay. Salila's name was changed to Sulayman and inherited the throne from his uncle. It is unknown of whether Matanda/Ache ever became a Muslim or not. Lakan Dula, of neighboring Tondo was thought to have experimented with Islam for a while before reverting to his Animist beliefs. Temporary Conquest[] When the Spanish explorer Martín de Goiti arrived in 1570, he had already ceded his authority to his nephew and heir, Rajah Sulaiman III, but still had considerable influence, as did his brother Lakan Dula. Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi, searching for a suitable place to establish his capital after being compelled to move from Cebu to Panay by Portuguese pirates and hearing of the existence of a prosperous kingdom in Luzon, sent an expedition under Martín de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo to explore its location and potentials. Goiti anchored at Cavite and established his authority peaceably by sending a message of friendship to various nations in Manila. Rajah Sulayman, who had been ceded authority over their settlements by his aging uncle, was willing to accept the friendship that the Spaniards were offering, but did not want to submit its sovereignty unto them, and waged war against them due to disputes and hostility. Sulayman warned the Muslim barangays that the Spaniards would attack, and as a result, Goiti and his army attacked the Muslim nations on June 1570 but his invasion was repulsed. A treaty was signed between Rajah Sulayman, Lakan Dula and Martín de Goiti. The Sulayman Salakot, worn by rulers of Manila When López de Legazpi died in 1572, his successor, Governor-General Guido de Lavezaris, did not honor the agreements with Rajah Sulayman and Lakan Dula. He sequestered the properties of the two kings and tolerated Spanish atrocities. In response, Rajah Sulayman and Lakan Dula led a revolt in the villages of Navotas in 1574, taking advantage of the confusion brought about by the attacks of Chinese pirate Limahong. This is often referred to as the "Manila revolt of 1574" but is sometimes referred to as the "Sulaiman revolt" and the "Lakan Dula revolt." Since it involved naval forces, the Sulayman Revolt is also known as the "First Battle of Manila Bay" Friar Geronimo Marían and Juan de Salcedo were tasked with pursuing conciliatory talks with various nations. Rajah Sulayman adopted his nephew, an individual by the baptized name Agustin de Legazpi, who would be installed as the Ruler of Tondo under Spanish ruler, while Sulayman retreated into the background to plot the next rebellion. At this point in time, the House of Sulayman would rule over Tondo, while the Spaniards ruled Manila. However, both Sulayman and Agustin de Legazpi were plotting the rebellion. Members and Descendants[] Rajah Ache 1558-1571 Known as "the old king", he was the first-known ruler of the Sulayman Dynasty. He ruled the Kingdom of Maynila at the time of Muslim annexation, but it is unknown if he personally professed Islam. Rajah Sulayman 1571-1575 Rajah Sulayman was Ache's nephew and heir to the throne, the former was named Salila who met the Spanish conquistadors. He consolidated his rule by preventing Catholic friars and missionaries from entering the Muslim settlements and waged war against the Spaniards if they attempted. Agustin de Legazpi 1575-1600 Rajah Sulayman married a Malay princess by the name of Nirmala from Brunei, and strengthened the presence of Malay warriors in Manila, the both bore two sons one by the name of Hassanal Sulayman and the other by the name of Jamalul Sulayman. Jamalul Sulayman emigrated to Maguindanao and Hassanal Sulayman was the chosen heir to the throne. Hassanal Sulayman 1600-1614 Hassanal Sulayman adopted the traditional Islamic title "sultan" and further solidified the presence of Islam, he barred all Spanish influence from entering the southern Pasig River where he also established a naval army, he thwarted two Spanish invasions in 1605 and 1608, but was killed during a battle in 1610 in which Spanish forces reached the Muslim settlements. Qasim Abdullah 1614-1640 Abdullah bin Sulayman received his father's kris sword and sworn in at the time of battle, there was no time for a formal coronation. He defeated the Spanish forces and let a failed invasion of northern Spanish-controlled Manila, in 1618 he repulsed another large Spanish invasion where he took the name "Qasim" which meant "protector" in Arabic. Safar ud-Din 1640-1690 Safar ud-Din was the son of Abdullah, unlike the past sultans he was friendly to the Spanish colonists. He married a Sulu princess by the name of Maryam, and had a child named Esmael bin Safar ud-Din. He finally permitted Christian missionaries into the Muslim settlements, and about 1/2 of all his people were converted to Roman Catholicism, in 1670 he and his family converted to Roman Catholicism taking the name Enrique, his son was baptized Carlos and his wife was baptized Maria, they became part of the Principales and were taken to visit the entire archipelago by Spanish colonists. However, some time before abdicating the throne, Enrique reverted to Islam. Don Carlos 1690-1739 Originally known as Esmael bin Safar ud-Din, also Carlos Safaruddin was the ruler of Manila from 1690-1739, he was coronated in 1690. Don Carlos married a Spanish noble brought from Mexico by the name of Carrolla Lopez, and had two children, Juan and Fernando. Like his father Enrique, Carlos also reverted to Islam. Cabezas, gobernadorcillos and other Principalía[] Juan Carlos Juan Carlos was the youngest son of Don Carlos Safaruddin, and the younger brother of Fernando Carlos. Juan was given the diplomatic matters of the now-Spanish province of Manila. Fernando Carlos Fernando Carlos became the Gobernadorcillo of Manila, he handled the native police forces of Manila that patrolled the area for any rebels or subversive activity. Isabel Legazpi One of the daughters of Safar ud-Din, she was born as Zainab bin Safar ud-Din, and was married to one of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi's great grandsons Felipe Legazpi and baptized under the name Isabel Legazpi y Safaruddin. Consuela Legazpi One of the daughters of Safar ud-Din, born as Maryam II, Maryam bint Safar ud-Din and married to Felipe Legazpi's adopted brothers and baptized as Consuela Legazpi y Safaruddin. Penélope Goiti One of the daughters of Safar ud-Din, born as Zula bint Safar ud-Din, married to one of Martín de Goiti's grandsons, Carlos Goiti, she was baptized as Penélope Goiti y Safaruddin. Sandra de Carlos One of Don Carlos Safaruddin's daughters, married a Kapampagan principal from Macabre. Consuelo de Carlos One of Don Carlos Safaruddin's daughters, married a Cebuano principal and lived in Cavite. Modern-day politicians, pretenders, and figures[] Luis Antonio Tagle A Roman Catholic cardinal who is the current Archbishop of Manila, he claims to be a descendant of Consuela Legazpi and Felipe Legazpi. Gil Puyat A Filipino businessman, although his ancestry to Lakan Dula is certain, he also has traceable descent to Sandra de Carlos and an unknown Spanish husband. Antonio De la Cruz A Filipino saint "of the Cross" who preached Roman Catholicism in other nations, claims to have descent from Isabel Legazpi, he visited Spain, Italy, France and Romania and became a well-respected foreigner in those nations. Ahmed Kudarat A Moro-Filipino historian from Sulu, who claims that Carlos Safaruddin migrated to the Sulu Sultanate and reverted to Islam, claims to have his descent, claims to be the rightful heir to the throne and has request the kris and the salakót be given to him but was rejected by the Philippine government, he holds dual citizenship in both the Republic of the Philippines and the Kingdom of Mindanao and Sulu Lorenzo Álvarez A Filipino scholar, businessman, historian, and Iglesia ni Cristo preacher who claims that Rajah Sulayman's dynasty often intermingled with Lakan Dula's. Claims descent from both lines. Rico Rodríguez A Roman Catholic priest from Cavite, claims that the salakot was a symbol of the Sulayman Dynasty's destiny to become Christian the salakót was a Christian noble symbol. Like Álvarez, he also claims that Rajah Sulyman and Lakan Dula's descendants intermingled and claims descent from both lines.
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Sesungguhnya rajah ialah tulisan/ lambang/ simbol yang diciptakan oleh seseorang ahli spiritual yang memanglah mimiliki kelebihan tersediri buat mengkaryakan media spiritual. Energi yang tercantum dalam tulisan ini mempunyai banyak sekali khasiat, semacam rajah pengasihan king solomon ini. Energi yang tercantum dalam rajah ini sanggup membagikan efek yang positif pada tiap pemakai/ pemilik rajah king sulaiman, ialah salah satu jenis rajah pengasihan. Yang dipercayai siapapun yang memakainya hendak mempunyai energi pengasihan yang sangatlah kokoh. Sehingga dirinya hendak lebih gampang dicintai serta disayangi banyak semacam ini sangat pas digunakan untuk mereka yang mempunyai rasa kurang percaya diri, ataupun minder bila berhadapan dengan lawan jenis. Perasaan negatif yang terdapat di dalam diri orang tersebut akan berganti jadi energi positif sehabis mempergunakan rajah pengasihan Sulaiman Gus Ali serta FungsinyaBiar lebih jelas tentang manfaat serta guna rajah pengasihan king sulaiman, berikut ini saya telah merangkumnyaSebagai fasilitas pengasihan dengan energi tingkat energi kharisma serta rasa percaya diri yang lawan jenis akan takluk serta kagum dengan mendekatkan jodoh untuk yang belum berjumpa energi negatif pada diri dengan gampang menundukkan lawan bicara jimat keberuntungan sebab bawa hoki untuk menunjang karir yang akan semakin Membuat Rajah SulaimanRajah dapat terbuat sendiri dirumah tanpa bantuan dari seseorang guru. Sebab sifat rajah yang akan menyatu dengan pemiliknya sehingga dibutuhkan orang yang mempunyai ilmu batin yang dapat buatnya. Tetapi bila Kamu mau mencoba membuat nya sendiri dirumah, tidak masalah, berikut ini tata dapat memperoleh fadilah rajah pengasihan sulaiman ini, berikut tata cara memperolehnyaSiapkan selembar kain putih ukuran 10 cm pula tinta warna rajah diatas pada kain yang sudah bawalah rajah tersebut kemanapun, supaya lebih praktis dapat ditaruh di dalam itu cara membuat rajah sulaiman yang sangat terkenal sebab fadilah yang luar biasa. Namun perlu kalian ingat, jangan pernah menyekutukan Allah SWT aplagi menyembah selain kepadanya. Semoga beberapa informasi ini bermanfaat, sekian terima kasih.

Sewaktuditanya mengenai pilihan beliau untuk menjadi konsultan spiritual Kang Masrukhan menjawab, "Saya hanya menjalankan peran yang diberikan oleh Allah. Setiap manusia itu kan menjalankan peranannya sesuai kemampuan dan keahlian masing-masing. Ada yang berperan sebagai arsitek, dokter, pengacara, pedagang, pengusaha, karyawan dan sebagainya. Rajah Sulayman, Rajah Matanda, and Lakandula were powerful allies that co-ruled Manila in the 16th century. The three rulers of Manila had territories that were strategically placed in different areas along the Pasig River Delta opening up to Manila Bay. Lakandula controlled the north side of the Pasig River Delta, while Matanda and Sulayman controlled the south side in what is now Fort Santiago. Their tripartite reign as rajahs of Manila was one of the most significant in Philippine history because of their defense and eventual loss to Spanish conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, who captured their territories with the help of 600 Visayan troops in 1571. Approximate Locations of the Territories of the Ancient Rulers of Manila Photo by malacañ How Sulayman, Matanda, and Lakandula Maintained Power In pre-colonial Philippines, power was not measured in terms of territorial expanse, wealth, or centralized government. Instead, it was measured in terms of monopoly of trade, control of people, number of alliances, and networks of connections. Rajah Sulayman, Rajah Matanda, and Lakandula had plenty of these. Not only were the three rulers of Manila related to each other Sulayman was the nephew of Lakandula and Matanda, they also forged important alliances with datus from surrounding provinces and datus from abroad. Manila during the 16th century was part of the powerful Sultanate of Brunei, an empire that extended to much of Borneo, Palawan, and parts of Luzon. It was the rival of the Sultanate of Sulu and Sultanate of Maguindanao, on which it conducted raids. According to Chinese records, across its territories including Manila, the Sultanate of Brunei had an armada consisting of more than 100 war vessels at the climax of its power. Rajah Sulayman, Rajah Matanda, and Lakandula were just vassals to this impressive empire, but were nevertheless powerful in their own right. The three rulers of Manila became significantly more powerful than their upriver counterparts in Luzon because of their territories’ strategic location. Being located near the mouth of the Pasig River near Manila Bay, Sulayman, Matanda, and Lakandula were able to control goods going in and out of the river. The three rulers enforced their authority not only on their constituents, but also on foreign merchants who docked at their harbors. They levied taxes on foreign ships carrying goods for trade. They also subordinated their counterpart datus from upriver communities by controlling the entry of their goods into the trading system. Another way that ancient Filipino datus like Sulayman, Matanda, and Lakandula maintained their power and influence was by cultivating a belief among their constituents and enemies that they had supernatural powers. According to historians Patricio Abinales and Donna Amoroso, datus were able to hold onto power by spreading rumors about their alleged arcane knowledge of black magic like pangkukulam or pambabarang that could harm their enemies. This deterred potential challengers to their authority. How the Spaniards Overcame Rajah Sulayman, Rajah Matanda, and Lakandula In June 1570, after the Spaniards subjugated some datus from the Visayas, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi ordered Martin de Goiti to establish an outpost in the north. Goiti set out from the Visayas and anchored in Cavite. At the time, Goiti’s troops had almost depleted their supplies, but word came to him of Manila, a rich trading hub by the Pasig Delta, which was replete with various resources. He sent emissaries to Manila to extend a “message of friendship.” It was the same tactic used to capture Visayan territories Offer friendship and protection in exchange for pledging allegiance to the Spanish Crown. Rajah Matanda was receptive to the advances of the Spaniards, but Rajah Sulayman, notorious for being the most aggressive of the three rajahs of Manila, took a more obstinate stand and refused to cede power to the Spaniards. Sulayman declared war on the Spaniards, who promptly attacked Manila, burning the city to the ground. After the fierce battle, the three rulers were forced to retreat uphill. But, fearing that the monsoon season would trap him and his forces in Manila, Goiti sailed back to Cebu, after which the natives returned and resettled in Manila. A year later on June 3, 1571, de Legazpi arrived in Manila with a larger fleet and a stronger force comprised of 280 Spaniards, 600 Visayan natives, and some Latin Americans. In response, Sulayman promptly assembled his own troops, albeit with great effort He failed to gain the crucial support of the two elderly chieftains Rajah Matanda and Lakandula, who remained in their respective outposts, and possibly considered the great losses they suffered at the hands of the same enemy a year earlier. Sulayman also failed to gain the support of crucial allies from the datus of Hagonoy, Bulacan. With his list of allies growing thin, Rajah Sulayman called for aid from Tarik Sulayman, a datu from Pampanga. Tarik Sulayman sailed his warships down the Pampanga River and set out to meet Rajah Sulayman at the Bay of Bangkusay off the port of Tondo. A naval battle ensued between the Spaniards and the natives. The Spaniards, highly experienced in naval warfare, lured the natives into a trap by forming a solid formation fastened in two-by-two to appear vulnerable. When the native warships closed in, the Spanish fleet immediately surrounded them, opened fire, and destroyed much of the natives’ warships. Tarik Sulayman perished in what is now known as the Battle of Bangkusay Channel, while Rajah Sulayman escaped and fled to Pampanga. Consequences of the Battle of Bangkusay Channel With the two Sulaymans’ defeat, Manila was easily ceded to Legazpi. The remaining rulers of Manila, Lakandula and Matanda, welcomed the Spanish conquistador and made a deal with him. This marked the fall of Manila to the Spanish Crown. Manila was declared a city in June 1571, and would later on become the seat of the Spanish empire in Asia. At the time of its capitulation, Manila’s population was 250. The Battle of Bangkusay Channel also marked the beginning of the Muslim-Christian conflict during the time of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. Manila was an outpost of the Sultanate of Brunei, and its capture by the Spaniards was not taken lightly by Brunei’s sultan and his vassals. Subsequent raids on the Spaniards were launched by Muslim datus from the region as a result of the latter’s invasion of Manila. Legazpi’s victory in 1571 redefined the Philippine archipelago by situating it as Spain’s center of trade and operations in Asia, partly because of the large presence of Chinese merchants in the surrounding area. In 1595, King Philip II declared Manila as the capital of the Philippines.
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Rajah Soliman -1571 The last rajah of Manila, noted for his daring and bravery. Nephew of Rajah Lakandola. Of all of the early rulers of Manila, he was feared most by the Spaniards. He was killed on June 3, 1571, in the Battle of Bangkusay. Rajah Sulaiman III 1558 – 1575,[1] سليمان in Arabic was the Rajah chieftain of Maynila, a Kapampangan and Tagalog kingdom on the region of the Pasig River in Manila. Along with Rajah Sulaiman II and Rajah Lakan Dula, he was one of three chieftains who fought the Spaniards during the colonization of the Philippines in the 16th century.[2] Spanish documents say his tribes called him “Rajah Mura” or “Rajah Muda” a Malayan title for a Prince. The Spanish transcription of “Rajah Mura” is Young Rajah, a reference to the fact that he was Rajah Sulaiman II’s nephew and heir to the throne. The Spaniards called him “Rajah Solimano el Mow”.[1] After making peace with the Spaniards in 1571, Rajah Sulaiman III led a revolt against them in 1574, which Philippine historians refer to as the first battle of Manila Bay, but is also known as the Sulaiman revolt.[2] Rajah Sulaiman III is considered by Spanish and Philippine historians to be the leader of the Macabebe tribes that fought the Spaniards during the Battle of Bangkusay, but there is disagreement among historians about that claim.[3] Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi, searching for a suitable place to establish his capital after being compelled to move from Cebu to Panay by Portuguese pirates and hearing of the existence of a prosperous Muslim tribes in Luzon, sent an expedition under Martín de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo to explore its location and potentials.[4] Goiti anchored at Cavite and established his authority peaceably by sending a message of friendship to various tribes in Manila. Rajah Sulaiman III, who had been ceded authority over their settlements by his aging uncle Rajah Sulaiman II, was willing to accept the friendship that the Spaniards were offering, but did not want to submit to its sovereignty unto them, and waged war against them due to disputes and hostility. As a result, Goiti and his army attacked the Muslim tribes on June 1570, and occupied the villages, before returning to Panay.[4] In 1571, the Spaniards returned, this time led by López de Legazpi himself along with his entire force consisting of 280 Spaniards and 600 native allies. Seeing them approach, the natives set their villages on fire and fled to Tondo, and neighboring villages. The Spaniards occupied Manila and established a settlement.[4] With this victory, Rajah Sulaiman II, Rajah Lakan Dula and Rajah Sulaiman III eventually accepted Spanish rule and were converted to Christianity. López de Legazpi granted them with encomienda trusteeship of Manila and Tondo under the dominion of Spain. With this recognition came an exemption from tribute and forced labor, which their families enjoyed until 1884 and the exclusive right for the Lakan Dula and Sulaiman Dynasty to keep their family names.[2] After the establishment of settlements, Rajah Sulaiman II died and Rajah Sulaiman III ascended to his uncle’s position. With Spanish approval, López de Legazpi gave Rajah Sulaiman III the settlements of Manila on April 1572.[1] When López de Legazpi died in 1572, his successor, Governor-General Guido de Lavezaris, did not honor the agreements with Rajah Sulaiman III and Rajah Lakan Dula. He sequestered the properties of the two chieftains and tolerated Spanish abuses.[2] In response, Rajah Sulaiman III and Rajah Lakan Dula led a revolt in the villages of Navotas in 1574, taking advantage of the confusion brought about by the attacks of Chinese pirate Limahong. This is often referred to as the “Manila revolt of 1574” but is sometimes referred to as the “Sulaiman revolt” and the “Lakan Dula revolt” since it involved naval forces, the “First Battle of Manila Bay”.[2] Friar Geronimo Marían and Juan de Salcedo were tasked with pursuing conciliatory talks with various tribes. Rajah Lakan Dula and Rajah Sulaiman III agreed on Salcedo’s peace treaty and an alliance were formed between the two groups.[2] Spanish documents cease to mention Rajah Sulaiman III after the Manila revolt, so the exact date of his death is unknown, although Philippine historians set it at 1575 based on genealogical records.[2] Some controversy exists about the identity of the leader of the Macabebe tribes that initiated the Battle of Bangkusay in 1571. That chieftain, is referred to by Philippine historians as Tarik Sulayman.[5] In some versions of the Battle of Bangkusay, Tarik Sulayman of Macabebe and Rajah Sulaiman III of Manila are the same person.[6] Other versions contend that they are different people with the same name.[3] Some have even suggested that the two men were related. Spanish documents do not identify the leader of the Macabebe tribes by name, but record that he died during the Battle of Bangkusay, resulting in a Macabebe retreat and a Spanish victory.[7][3] Rajah Sulaiman III of Manila is clearly recorded as participating in the battle in 1574. About hendrixoutdoors RajahSulaiman Restaurant, Pagsanjan: See unbiased reviews of Rajah Sulaiman Restaurant, rated 4 of 5 on Tripadvisor and ranked #16 of 18 restaurants in Pagsanjan. About Rajah Sulaiman III Rajah Sulaiman III also, Rajah Mura, Rajah Muda, Rajah Solimano el Mow was the Rajah of Maynila, a Kapampangan and Tagalog kingdom on the region of the Pasig River in Manila. Along with Rajah Sulaiman II and Rajah Lakan Dula, he was one of three Rajahs who fought the Spaniards during the colonization of the Philippines in the 16th century. After making peace with the Spaniards in 1571, he led a revolt against them in 1574, which referred to as the Sulaiman revolt. More here

Ianyaadalah antara usaha baginda Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien dalam membaiki dan mempertingkatkan lagi perkhidmatan sosial di Negeri Brunei pada tahun 1950-an. Sultan Sulaiman James Brooke dilantik menjadi Rajah Sarawak. Tahun 1845, Baginda menyerahkan Pulau Labuan kepada Inggeris. Tahun 1846 angkatan yang diketuai oleh James

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